E. The transcontinental railroad had nothing to do with Manifest Destiny. As a result, a policy pursuing aggressive expansion was actively pursued. Texas claimed the eastern part of this new territory, comprising parts of present-day Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming, Utah, and Oklahoma. I found them while researching American ideas about trade with China during the era of manifest destiny. Parade celebrating admission of Oregon to the union, 1859. O’Sullivan’s observation was a complaint rather than a call for aggression, and he referred to demography rather than pugnacity as the solution to the perceived problem of European interference. It was for them proof that God had chosen the United States to grow and flourish. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. our expert writers, Please indicate where to send you the sample, Hi, my name is Jenn The concept was seized by industry after industry. The idea of Manifest Destiny arose in response to the prospect of U.S. annexation of Texas and to a dispute with Britain over the Oregon Country, which became part of the union. America had, in fact, O’Sullivan argued, been uniquely chosen for the task of expanding Westward, driving out the wilderness and establishing civilization. The term manifest destiny “was a brief way to express support for American expansion and the annexation of western lands” (Mountjoy 12). Agricultural tools underwent a substantial improvement when John Deere invented the steel plow and Cyrus McCormick developed the reaper. The purchase of Alaska after the Civil War briefly revived the concept of Manifest Destiny, but it most evidently became a renewed force in U.S. foreign policy in the 1890s, when the country went to war with Spain, annexed Hawaii, and laid plans for an isthmian canal across Central America. Start studying US History Study Guide. I found them while researching American ideas about trade with China during the era of manifest destiny. Relations between the United States and Mexico remained tense for many decades to come, with several military encounters along the border. With this war, United States provided a training-ground for the men who would lead the Northern and Southern armies in the upcoming American Civil War. The resulting dispute among Texas, the federal government, and New Mexico Territory was resolved in the Compromise of 1850, when much of these lands became parts of other territories of the United States in exchange for the U. S. federal government assuming the Texas Republic’s $10 million in debt. Chartered under state laws, corporations could accumulate capital from as many investors as were interested in them, each f them enjoying some stock or stake in the corporation’s success. (2016, Nov 23). Whitney's optimism was overly idealistic but in accordance with his times. I found them while researching American ideas about trade with China during the era of manifest destiny. Today, after the bitter experiences of its •Yet, the Industrial Revolution would not have been possible without one further ingredient — people. III.The Untransacted Destiny: William Gilpin. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803, in which 23% of the existing territory of the United States was acquired, was probably the first major step. BOOK TWO: THE SONS OF LEATHERSTOCKING. your own paper. Hostile confrontations with Native Americans defending their homelands, although often feared by the wagon trains, were actually comparatively rare. Some found the opinion intriguing, but others were simply irritated. He is shocked & devastated by working conditions. Moreover, he synthesizes the imaginative expression of Western myths and symbols in literature with their role in contemporary politics, economics, and society, embodied in such forms as the idea of Manifest Destiny, the conflict in the American mind between idealizations of primitivism on the one hand and of progress and civilization on the other, the Homestead Act of 1862, and public-land … „Manifest Destiny” and the economic development Manifest Destiny: Offered a moral justification for American Expansion, a prescription for what an enlarged United States could and should be. People & Events: Asa Whitney (1791-1874) and Early Plans for a Transcontinental Railroad. These clashed in the 1840s as a truly great drama of regional conflict began to unfold. Walt Whitman and Manifest Destiny 44; BOOK Two: THE SONS OF LEATHERSTOCKING; V. Daniel Boone: Empire Builder or Philosopher of VII. VI. The term was first used in 1845 by John O’Sullivan, an American newspaper editor who was writing about the proposed annexation of Texas. BOOK TWO: THE SONS OF LEATHERSTOCKING. It also played an important role in American thought. Manifest Destiny: the nineteenth-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the U.S. throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. Less than a century after breaking from the British Empire, the United States had gone far in creating its own empire by extending sovereignty across the continent to the Pacific, to the 49th parallel on the Canadian border, and to the Rio Grande in the south. The transcontinental Instead, it illustrates just how deeply rooted ideas about . Expansionists eager to acquire Spanish Florida were part of the drive for the War of 1812, and many historians argue that American desires to annex Canada were also an important part of the equation. manifest Destiny Quick Reference The 19th century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the United States throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. Whitney. Asa Whitney added to Benton’s myth the notion that the new passage to India would be laid with iron rails. Asa Whitney created some maps in the late 1840s to aid his campaign to build the first transcontinental railroad across North America. With construction starting in 1863 and completing in 1869, the Transcontinental Railroad had its true beginnings in the mind of Asa Whitney and Manifest Destiny. Asa Whitney created these maps in the late 1840s to aid his campaign to build the first transcontinental railroad across North America. Shaping the national economy: new inventions, factory system, agriculture, the transportation revolution: The Rise of American Industry: During the first 30 years of the 1800s, AMERICAN INDUSTRY was truly born. Asa Whitney, A Project for a Railroad to the Pacific (New York, 1849), 89-107. The term Manifest Destiny was first used in 1845 by New York City journalist John Louis O’Sullivan. VII. The war with Mexico and annexation of Texas In 1845, the United States of America annexed the Republic of Texas and admitted it to the Union as the 28th state. Sorry, but copying text is forbidden on this website. Americans were now longing for a path from the Pacific to the Atlantic coast and hoping to fulfill manifest destiny. Numerous government campaigns painted the allures of the West for prospective settlers, and promoted programs which could help people acquire and hold land in the West. China trade came together in the fertile and ambitious imagination of Asa . The construction of the transcontinental railroad inspired O'Sullivan to write his famous essay coining the term "Manifest Destiny." The concept was largely denounced by Whigs and fell into disuse after the mid-19th century. Manifest Destiny, in U.S. history, the supposed inevitability of the continued territorial expansion of the boundaries of the United States westward to the Pacific and beyond. Manifest destiny touched on issues of religion, money, race, patriotism, and morality. For Whitney was the chief congressional spokesman for a transcontinental railroad. BOOK TWO: THE SONS OF LEATHERSTOCKING. This was called Manifest Destiny, the belief that Americans were entitled and ordained by God to occupy all of North America. He was one of the first backers of an American transcontinental railway. Asa Whitney visits his family’s cotton factory in China. ?5. Despite disagreements about Manifest Destiny’s validity at the time, O’Sullivan had stumbled on a broadly held national sentiment. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Canal and railway construction played an important role in transporting people and cargo west, increasing the size of the US marketplace. Manifest destiny, the idea that European Americans should and would expand the … Manifest destiny was the 19th century U.S. belief that the country (and more specifically, the white Anglo-Saxon race within it) was destined to expand across the continent. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Retrieved from https://graduateway.com/manifest-destiny-and-the-economic-development/, This is just a sample. Whitney argued that with trains you could get goods from Eastern factories and farms from Western factories and ship those goods to China. 2. The demand for labor was satisfied, in part, by millions of IMMIGRANTS from Ireland, Germany, and elsewhere. Although the term ceased to be used in a political context in the early twentieth century, the far-reaching impact of Manifest Destiny was clear. III. 2] For this and other reasons, Texas declared independence from Mexico, resulting in war with Mexico. Once built, farms, villages and towns would spring up overnight. popularly held belief in the 19th century that US settlers were destined by God to expand the country’s territory Asa Whitney, a New England merchant and traveler, began advocating for a Pacific Railroad in 1845. The cause of that ceaseless wanderlust varied from region to region, but the behaviour became a tradition within one generation. You can write a book review and share your experiences. Anglo-American immigrants, primarily from the Southern United States, began emigrating to Mexican Texas in the early 1820s at the request of the Mexican government, which sought to populate the sparsely inhabited lands of its northern frontier. Before the American Civil War the idea of Manifest Destiny was used to validate continental acquisitions in the Oregon Country, Texas, New Mexico, and California. Rather than being “coined,” the phrase was buried halfway through the third paragraph of a long essay in the July–August issue of The United States Magazine, and Democratic Review on the necessity of annexing Texas and the inevitability of American expansion. in the China trade around the time of the 1839–1842 Opium War. He expanded the idea in the New York Morning News in December, invoking “the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us.”. These men shaped an expectation of commercial empire as an end in itself as well as a means of developing the internal continental empire. Asa Whitney created these maps in the late 1840s to aid his campaign to build the first transcontinental railroad across North America. The president most associated with the concept of manifest destiny is James K. Polk, whose single term in the White House was focused on the acquisition of California and Texas. You can get your custom paper from In 1845, Asa Whitney proposed the idea of a railroad that could span across the United States, Whitney was a merchant who had recently traveled to Europe and experienced the ease of travel and transport on the rail cars. "You must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy", Don't use plagiarized sources. for the avowed object of thwarting our policy and hampering our power, limiting our greatness and checking the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. Democrats used the term in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico. Over the years, O’Sullivan’s role in creating the phrase was forgotten, and he died in obscurity some 50 years after having first used the term “manifest destiny.” In an essay in The American Historical Review in 1927, historian Julius W. Pratt identified O’Sullivan as the phrase’s originator, a conclusion that became universally accepted. As an example of the latter, on February 6, 1846, the New-Hampshire Statesman and State Journal, a Whig newspaper, described “some windy orator in the House [of Representatives]” as “pouring for his ‘manifest destiny’ harangue.”. Omissions? In 1803, Pres. V. Daniel Boone: Empire Builder or Philosopher of Primitivism? Household manufacturing was almost universal in colonial days, with local craftsmen providing for their communities. It's worth nothing that Polk had been nominated by the Democratic Party, which was generally closely associated with expansionist ideas in the decades before the Civil War. During 1854, while the Kansas-Nebraska Act was making its way through Congress and to President Franklin Pierce’s desk, there were significant developments throughout the country that would have lessen the manifest destiny fever that had captured the nation’s attention up to that point. It also was firmly anchored in a long standing and deep sense of a special and unique American Destiny, the belief that in the words of historian Conrad Cherry, “America is a nation called to a special destiny by God.” James K. Polk’s policy toward Oregon. In Whitney's eyes, a transcontinental railroad was an indispensable part of the nation's destiny. share and care give land to others and we can give you some
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